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Cosmic metrics
| Unit | Definition | Divine Years | Solar Years[a] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mahā-kalpa | 36000 Kalpa + 36000 Pralaya | 864000000000 | 311040000000000 |
| Mahā-pralaya | 1 Mahā-kalpa length | 864000000000 | 311040000000000 |
| Parārdha | 1⁄2 Mahā-kalpa | 432000000000 | 155520000000000 |
| Kalpa | 1000 CY; 14 M + 15 MS | 12000000 | 4320000000 |
| Pralaya | 1 Kalpa length | 12000000 | 4320000000 |
| Manvantara [M] | 71 Catur-yuga | 852000 | 306720000 |
| Manvantara-sandhyā [MS] | 1 Kṛta-yuga length | 4800 | 1728000 |
| Catur-yuga (Mahā-yuga) [CY] | Kṛta + Tretā + Dvāpara + Kali yugas | 12000 | 4320000 |
| Kṛta-yuga (Satya-yuga) | parts | 4800 | 1728000 |
| kṛta-yuga-sandhyā | 1⁄10 yuga length | 400 | 144000 |
| kṛta-yuga | 4 kali-yuga length | 4000 | 1440000 |
| kṛta-yuga-sandhyāṃśa | 1⁄10 yuga length | 400 | 144000 |
| Tretā-yuga | parts | 3600 | 1296000 |
| tretā-yuga-sandhyā | 1⁄10 yuga length | 300 | 108000 |
| tretā-yuga | 3 kali-yuga length | 3000 | 1080000 |
| tretā-yuga-sandhyāṃśa | 1⁄10 yuga length | 300 | 108000 |
| Dvāpara-yuga | parts | 2400 | 864000 |
| dvāpara-yuga-sandhyā | 1⁄10 yuga length | 200 | 72000 |
| dvāpara-yuga | 2 kali-yuga length | 2000 | 720000 |
| dvāpara-yuga-sandhyāṃśa | 1⁄10 yuga length | 200 | 72000 |
| Kali-yuga | parts | 1200 | 432000 |
| kali-yuga-sandhyā | 1⁄10 yuga length | 100 | 36000 |
| kali-yuga | Base unit | 1000 | 360000 |
| kali-yuga-sandhyāṃśa | 1⁄10 yuga length | 100 | 36000 |
Sidereal metrics
| Unit | Definition | Relation to SI units | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Truti | त्रुटि | Base unit | ≈ 0.30 µs |
| Renu | रेणु | 60 Truti | ≈ 18 µs |
| Lava | लव | 60 Renu | ≈ 1080 µs |
| Līkṣaka | लीक्षक | 60 Lava | ≈ 64.8 ms |
| Lipta | लिप्ता | 64.8 Leekshaka | ≈ 4.2 s |
| Vipala | विपल | ||
| Pala | पल | 60 Lipta | ≈ 30 s |
| Vighaṭi | विघटि | ||
| Vinādī | विनाडी | ||
| Ghaṭi | घटि | 31 Vighaṭi | ≈ 1.86 ks |
| Nādī | नाडी | ||
| Danda | दण्ड | ||
| Muhūrta | मुहूर्त | 2 Ghaṭi | ≈ 3.72 ks |
| Nakṣhatra Ahorātram (sidereal day) | नक्षत्र अहोरात्रम् | 62 Ghaṭī | ≈ 86.4 ks |
| 32 Muhūrta | ≈ 86.4 ks | ||
According to Sūrya Siddhānta
| Unit | Definition | Relation to SI units |
|---|---|---|
| Truti | Base unit | ≈ 29.6 µs |
| Tatpara | 100 Truti | ≈ 2.96 ms |
| Nimesha | 30 Tatpara | ≈ 88.9 ms |
| Kāṣṭhā | 18 Nimesha | ≈ 1.6 s |
| Kalā | 30 Kāṣṭhā | ≈ 48 s |
| Ghatika | 30 Kalā | ≈ 1.44 ks |
| Muhūrta | 2 Ghatika | ≈ 2.88 ks |
| Ahorātram (sidereal day) | 30 Muhūrta | ≈ 86.4 ks |
Small units of time used in the Vedas:
| Unit | Definition | Relation to SI units |
|---|---|---|
| Paramāṇu | Base unit | ≈ 25 µs |
| Aṇu | 2 Paramāṇu | ≈ 50 µs |
| Trasareṇu | 3 Aṇu | ≈ 151 µs |
| Truṭi | 3 Trasareṇu | ≈ 454 µs |
| Vedha | 100 Truṭi | ≈ 45 ms |
| Lava | 3 Vedha | ≈ 0.14 s |
| Nimeṣa | 3 Lava | ≈ 0.4 s |
| Kṣaṇa | 3 Nimesha | ≈ 1.22 s |
| Kāṣṭhā | 5 Kṣaṇa | ≈ 6 s |
| Laghu | 15 Kāṣṭhā | ≈ 92 s |
| Danda | 15 Laghu | ≈ 1.38 ks |
| Muhūrta | 2 Danda | ≈ 2.76 ks |
| Ahorātram | 31 Muhūrta | ≈ 86.4 ks |
| Masa (month) | 30 Ahorātram | ≈ 2592 ks |
| Ritu (season) | 2 Masa | ≈ 5184 ks |
| Ayana | 3 Ritu | ≈ 15552 ks |
| Samvatsara (year) | 2 Ayana | ≈ 31104 ks |
| Ahorātram of Deva |
Lunar metrics
Consists of the following:
- A Tithi or lunar day is defined as the time it takes for the longitudinal angle between the Moon and the Sun to increase by 12°. Tithis begin at varying times of day and vary in duration from approximately 19 to approximately 26 hours.[7]
- A Paksa (also Pakṣa) or lunar fortnight consists of 15 tithes.
- A Māsa or lunar month (30 days) is divided into 2 Pakṣas: the one between new moon and full moon (waxing) is called gaura or (bright) or Śukla Pakṣa; the one between full moon and new moon (waning) Kṛiṣhṇa (dark) paksha.
- A Ṛitu (or season) is 2 Māsa.
- An Ayana is 3 Ṛitus.
- A year is two Ayanas.
Tropical metrics
Consists of the following:
- A Yāma = 1⁄4 of a day (light) or night = 71⁄2 Ghatis (घटि) = 33⁄4 Muhurtas = 3 Horas (होरा)tely 24 hours.
- Eight Yāmas make a full day (day + night)
- An Ahorātra is a tropical day (Note: A day is considered to begin and end at sunrise, not midnight.)
| Name | Definition | Equivalence | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yama | याम | 1⁄4 of a day (light) or night | ≈ 3 hours |
| Sāvana Ahorātram | सावन अहोरात्रम् | 8 Yamas | 1 Solar day |
Location:
Gangalal Marg, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
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